The Role of Cortisol in Human Body

Cortisol, one of several hormones produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal role in the hormonal system. Cortisol helps regulate blood pressure and cardiovascular function, as well as the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Cortisol is secreted in response to any stress in the body, physical or psychological, leading to a breakdown of muscle protein, which releases amino acids into the bloodstream that are then converted by the liver into energy. Cortisol also mobilizes glycogen (stored glucose or sugar) from the liver to generate energy. The body has an elaborate system for controlling cortisol secretion.

Stress typically triggers the release of hormones that increase production of cortisol, among other hormones, to prepare the body for action and protect it from damage in the event of traumatic injury. After the stressful event has passed, the hormone levels return to normal. With chronic or repeated stress, however, the body continues to produce cortisol. If the adrenal glands are perpetually called upon to produce cortisol, they eventually weaken, leading to adrenal fatigue and ultimately exhaustion(adrenal burnout) which can increase body fat and cause fatigue and depression, among other symptoms.