Understanding Genetic Testing: Answers to Five Common Questions

Genetic testing is one of the hottest health topics in the media today.  As a result, more and more people are having their DNA analyzed in the hopes of understanding their, or their future children’s, risk of encountering a serious medical problem.  However, few people fully understand the genetic testing process and what information it actually provides.  Here are some answers to common questions regarding this procedure:

1.       What is Genetic Testing?

Genetic testing examines specific genes as well as genetic markers for inherited traits as well as mutations.  The procedure can only be done by a trained professional who knows how to obtain and interpret accurate results.  The exact nature of a genetic test varies widely from one facility to the next.  In fact, there are more than 100 ways to test genetic material. 

2.       When Should I Get Genetic Testing?

There are certain circumstances when genetic testing is recommended.  Most commonly, people use it when they are preparing to have children to ensure they do not pass a genetic problem to their children.  However, it is useful if you have a family history of a specific medical condition, and is prescribed when a person starts showing symptoms associated with a genetic disorder.  Genetic tests can also be performed during pregnancy if there is some concern the fetus may develop a genetic defect, such as Down’s syndrome.  After birth, genetic testing is often done on newborns to screen for conditions, like phenlyketonuria, which require immediate treatment. 

3.       Is Genetic Testing Accurate?

Genetic tests are accurate, but only to an extent.  Just because a person has a specific gene associated with a medical problem does not mean they or their children will definitely experience the condition.  Furthermore, genetic testing procedures can yield false results for a variety of reasons.  Therefore, it may be useful to have a test performed twice if you are truly concerned. 

4.       Can Genetic Testing Affect My Insurance?

This question is the focus of much debate. Many people worry that an n insurance company or employer may use genetic information inappropriately.  However, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act prevents companies in the United States from making any judgments based solely on genetic predisposition.  If you are considered “at risk” for a condition due to your genes, your insurance company cannot increase your premium.

5.       How much does it cost?

Depending on the nature of the test, prices can range from $100 to $2,000.  Additionally, you may need to invest in additional genetic counseling to help you understand the results of your test.  This is especially useful for couples planning children.