Jugular Vein (Internal External Anatomy Cannulation Thrombosis Puncture Catheter Distention Deep Veins Jugular Vein Thrombosis Symptoms)

Jugular Veins are one of the veins that take de-oxygenated blood from the organs of the body to the heart. Jugular Veins take blood from head (face, brain, neck, cranium) to the heart and so Jugular Veins are located at the neck or face.

Jugular Vein anatomy: two types of Jugular veins, internal Jugular Vein and external Jugular Vein. Internal Jugular Veins are deep inside the head and transfers blood from brain, some parts of face and neck. It is the internal Jugular Vein that is vulnerable and can cause death if injured or punctured or cut. That’s why some say “I would bite your Jugular Vein”. As it carries lot of blood than external Jugular Veins that run around the skin it leads to blood loss in case of attack. But it requires precision to do that.

(Internal, Posterior, Anterior, External Jugular Veins in head/neck)

Image via Wikipedia

External Jugular Veins transport deoxygenated blood from deep parts of the face, outside of cranium and neck. In these, posterior external Jugular Veins transport blood from the back of the neck while the anterior external Jugular Veins move blood from larynx & below the lower jaw.

Jugular Vein Thrombosis: It is a condition of blood clot inside Jugular Veins due to head/neck infections, neck massage, surgery, intravenous drug abuse etc. It can be seriously life threatening condition as the clotted blood can break free and move through Jugular Veins when it complicates into Embolus. This traveling clot condition becomes Thromboembolism. Similar condition is the Deep Venous Thrombosis that happens in deep veins. If the blood clot reaches inside lungs, then that condition is Pulmonary Embolism. Diagnosing Jugular vein thrombosis is quite a challenge before it can be treated as its symptoms are not very clear. There can be sharp pain near the Jugular Veins but it may not be due to Thrombosis all of the time.

Jugular Vein Cannulation is insertion of cannula or tube into internal Jugular Vein to measure central venous pressure, to insert intravenous therapeutic agents, cardiac pacemakers or Swan Ganz catheters etc.

Jugular Vein Distention (JVD) is the condition of swollen Jugular veins due to increased blood pressure inside them. It helps diagnose heart conditions/cardiac diseases. Doctors or cardiologists, also monitor the pulses of the Jugular Vein called Jugular Venous Pulse to help in cardiac analysis.

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